In many mechatronic applications, velocity estimation is required for implementation of closed loop control. Proportional-Integral control based differentiation has been proposed to estimate velocity in bilateral teleoperation. We propose a Second Order Sliding Mode (SOSM) based velocity estimation scheme for this application, since the SOSM approach is robust to small disturbances near the origin. Simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of the SOSM based velocity estimation over the PI-control approach for bilateral teleoperation in viscous environments.

In this study, we demonstrate application of Levant's differentiator for velocity estimation from optical encoder readings. Levant's differentiator is a sliding mode control theory-based real-time differentiation algorithm. The application of the technique allows stable implementation of higher stiffness virtual walls as compared to using the common finite difference method (FDM) cascaded with low-pass filters for velocity estimation.

The objective of this research effort is to develop a rehabilitation robot and associated controllers to be used in both therapy and evaluation of subjects with incomplete spinal-cord injuries. We are working in collaboration with Dr. Gerard Francisco and Dr. Nuray Yozbatiran of TIRR-Memorial Hermann and UTHealth.

Robotic systems provide numerous opportunities to improve the effectiveness of rehabilitation protocols and to lower therapy expenses for stroke patients. Because treatment intensity has a significant effect on motor recovery after stroke, the use of robotics has potential to automate labor-intensive therapy procedures. Additional potential advantages of robotics include bringing therapy to new venues including the home, new sensing capabilities for monitoring progress, and increased therapy efficiency with the possibility of group therapy.

Sensing of displacement using only inertial measurement devices (IMDs) such as rate gyros and accelerometers is an active research topic with many diverse applications in biomechanics, human motion, earthquake engineering, robotics and mixed reality interfaces.